Reported speech
Непряка реч
Ще научите как да преразказвате какво някой е казал/ попитал / заповядал / помолил.
Употреба:
За да образуваме непряка реч в английски език е нужно да “върнем едно време назад”.
Ако е нужно, разгледайте таблицата с всички глаголни времeнa в английски език.
Времената се променят по следния начин:
| Direct speech – Пряка реч | Reported speech – Непряка реч |
|---|---|
| Present simple се връща назад до → | Past simple |
| “I eat pizza.” Liza said “Аз (по принцип) ям пица.” каза Лиза | Liza said that she ate pizza. Лиза каза, че яде пица. |
| Present continuous се връща назад до → | Past continuous |
| “I am eating pizza.” Liza said “Аз (в момента) ям пица.” каза Лиза | Liza said that she was eating pizza. Лиза каза, че ядяла пица. |
| Present perfect се връща назад до → | Past perfect |
| “I have eaten pizza.” Liza said “Аз съм яла пица.” каза Лиза | Liza said that she had eaten pizza. Лиза каза, че е била яла пица. |
| Present perfect continuous се връща назад до → | Past perfect continuous |
| “I was eating pizza at 1 o’clock yesterday.” Liza said “Аз ядях пица в 1 ч. вчера.” каза Лиза | Liza said that she had been eating pizza at 1 o’clock the previous day. Лиза каза, че е била ядяла пица в 1 ч. вчера. |
| Past perfect не се променя, защото няма “по-предно” време. | Past perfect |
| “I had eaten pizza before you called me.” Liza said “Аз бях яла пица преди да ми звъннеш.” каза Лиза | Liza said that she had eaten pizza before I had called her. Лиза каза, че била яла пица преди да ѝ бях звъннал. |
| Past perfect continuous също се запазва | Past perfect continuous |
| “I had been eating pizza for 2 hours before you came.” Liza said “Аз бях ял пица в продължение на 2 часа, преди ти да дойдеш.” каза Лиза | Liza said that she had been eating pizza for 2 hours before I had cоme. Лиза каза, че беше яла пица в продължение на 2 часа, преди да бях дошъл. |
НО! Обърнете внимание
Ако действието все още се случва (е валидно) в момента на преразкаването му, може да не връщате едно време назад, а да запазите времето, в което човекът се е изказал. Примерно, ако говорите с някой по телефона и директно препредавате думите му на трети човек.
‘My father is a businessman.’ he said → He said that his father is a businessman.
Може да използвате и връщане на времето: He said that his father was a businessman.
Няма значение кой от двата варианта избирате!
Модални глаголи
Образуване на непряка реч с модални глаголи
| Direct speech – Пряка реч Will | Reported speech – Непряка реч Would |
|---|---|
| “We will play football.” he said | He said they would play football. |
| Can | Could |
| “I can play the piano well.” Toni said | Toni said he could play the piano well. |
| May | Might |
| “It may rain.” he said | He said that it might rain. |
| Shall | Should |
| “We shall go.” said Alex | Alex said that we should go. |
| Must | Had to |
| Sandra said “I must study.” | Sandra said that she had to study. |
| Could | Could |
| “I could cook.” he said | He said that he could cook. |
| Should | Should |
| “We should leave now.” Anni said | Anni said that we should go then. |
| Would | Would |
| “Mr. James would like to talk to you.” said the secretary | The secretary said that Mr. James would like to talk to me. |
| Might | Might |
| “It might snow.” Lora said | Lora said that it might snow. |
Задаване на въпроси/заповеди/молби
Пряка реч – Direct speech
Непряка реч – Indirect speech
Въпроси, изискващи само отговор “да или не” → добавяме if/whether (дали) Също така – връщаме спомагателния глагол след подлога (все едно е съобщително изречение)
‘Have you been to the gallery?’ he asked her.
‘Are you making a skirt?’ I asked Lilly.
‘Is he Spanish?’ I asked
He asked her if she had been to the gallery.
I asked Lilly if she was making a skirt.
I asked if he was Spanish.
Въпроси, започващи с Do/Does/Did → Do/Does/Did отпадат, а главният глагол минава в съответното време
‘Do you smoke?’ asked Lili
‘Does he drink?’ asked Lili
‘Did he buy the ring?’ asked Lili
Lili asked whether I smoked.
Lili asked if he drank.
Lili asked if he had bought the ring.
Въпроси, започващи с модален глагол
‘Can you paint?’ Mary asked her friend.
‘Will you make me one?’ I asked Terry.
‘Shall I wear a jacket?’ I asked mum.
‘May I borrow your coat?’ Mr. Jones asked me.
Mary asked her friend if he could paint.
I asked Terry whether he would make me one.
I asked mum if I should wear a jacket.
Mr. Jones asked me if he might borrow my coat.
Въпроси започващи с въпросителна дума (изискващи допълнителен отговор, не просто да или не)
‘What kind of shoes are in fashion now?’ my mum asked me.
‘Who did you see at the fashion show?’ asked Ben.
‘Which one do you want?’ Sarah asked Liam.
‘When will they finish the project?’ I asked.
‘Why did you say that?’ my sister asked me.
‘How much did your hat cost?’ Ed asked Carl.
My mum asked me what kind of shoes were in fashion at that moment.
Ben asked who I had seen at the fashion show.
Sarah asked Liam which one he wanted.
I asked when they would finish the house.
My sister asked me why I had said that.
Ed asked Carl how much his hat had cost.
Заповеди – глаголът остава в инфинитив
‘Put your clothes in the drawer.’ Mum said.
‘Don’t wear the red one.’ Alice said.
Mum told me to put my clothes in the drawer.
Alice told me not to wear the red one.
Молби – глаголът остава в инфинитив
‘Will you make me one?’ I asked Terry.
‘Please don’t move my pictures.’ said Olga.
I asked Terry to make me one.
Olga asked me not to move pictures.
Промяна на време
| Пряка реч – Direct speech | Непряка реч – Reported speech |
|---|---|
| now | then, at that time |
| today | that day, on Sunday, yesterday |
| tonight | that night, last night, on Sunday night |
| tomorrow | the next day/ the following day, on Sunday, today |
| yesterday | the day before/ the previous day, on Sunday |
| last night | the night before/ the previous night, on Sunday night |
| this week | that week, last week |
| last month | the month before/ the previous month, in May |
| next year | the following year, in 2014 |
| two minutes ago | two minutes before |
| in one hour | one hour later |
Промяна на място
| Пряка реч – Direct speech | Непряка реч – Reported speech |
|---|---|
| here | there, in Starbucks |
| this | that |
| in this room | in the room, in that room, in the kitchen |
НЕ използваме структурата на въпросително изречение, когато преразказваме въпрос.
I asked when they would finish the house.I asked when would they finish the house.
Тест
Направете бърз тест върху граматиката:
Бройни и редни числа
